Keratoconus is an eye disease that causes the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped front cover of the eye, to become thin and change shape, conically. This irregular shape leads to distortion of vision and photophobia. Despite the fact that the reason for the development of keratoconus remains unknown, some studies indicated that there might be a connection between keratoconus and autoimmune diseases.
This blog looks at the association between these two diseases, why the two are related, and the available treatment for the condition known as keratoconus.
What Is an Autoimmune Condition?
Autoimmune diseases are diseases that occur when the body’s immune system starts attacking its own tissues. Some of the most usual autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren’s syndrome. These conditions can cause inflammation and tissue damage in many areas of the body including the eyes.
Is There a Link Between Keratoconus and Autoimmune Conditions?
Some authors have reported associations between keratoconus and autoimmune diseases, which would point towards the possibility of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. Here are some key insights:
1. Chronic Inflammation
Autoimmune diseases cause inflammation in the body most of the time, and this inflammation is usually constant. This inflammation gradually leads to progressive thinning and protruding of the corneal tissue which are characteristic of keratoconus.
2. Genetic Factors
Keratoconus and autoimmune diseases also share the characteristic of genetic predispositions. This is because if an individual has a family history of autoimmune diseases he or she may also be at a higher risk of developing Keratoconus.
3. Environmental Triggers
Specific environmental stimuli like rubbing the eyes (which is often the case in keratoconus) and allergens may cause inflammation and therefore correlate keratoconus with immune dysfunction.
Autoimmune Conditions Commonly Associated with Keratoconus
It is not true that every patient with keratoconus has an autoimmune disease, but the latter has been reported more often in patients with the former. These include:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Because of this condition, there is inflammation and possible damage to the corneal structure.
- Sjögren’s Syndrome: This autoimmune disease results in dryness of the eyes and can compromise corneal tissue.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Lupus can cause inflammation in many areas of the eye: the cornea is one of these areas.
Signs and Symptoms of Keratoconus
If you have an autoimmune condition and experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult an eye care professional:
- Blurred or distorted vision
- Sensitivity to light
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Fluctuations in the eyeglass prescription more often
It is very important to be diagnosed early so that the disease can be well controlled and no further damage is done.
Options for Keratoconus Treatment
Fortunately, eye care has developed in a way that allows proper management of keratoconus. Keratoconus treatment options include:
1. Specialty Contact Lenses
Rigid gas permeable or scleral lenses are the ones that are used to fit the shape of the keratoconic cornea. These lenses assist in enhancing vision since they provide a smooth ground for light to pass through the eye.
2. Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL)
This surgical procedure is painless and outpatient, which cross-links the collagen of the cornea and stops the progression of keratoconus. It is most beneficial when done at the onset of the condition or at even the slightest sign of the condition.
3. Intacs Corneal Implants
Intracorneal rings are tiny plastics that are implanted into the cornea to correct the cone shape and hence vision.
4. Corneal Transplant
In extreme cases, the vision may be restored by a corneal transplant. This procedure involves transplantation of a healthy cornea for the damaged one for instance in a case of a corneal ulcer.
Why Early Diagnosis Is Critical
The relationship between this eye condition and autoimmune diseases is also an indication that people with autoimmune diseases should have their eyes checked frequently. The early diagnosis of keratoconus enables the condition to be well controlled so as to avoid great loss of vision.
Take Control of Your Vision with The Eye Foundation
If you're concerned about keratoconus, especially if you have an autoimmune condition, our experienced team at The Eye Foundation is here to help. As a leading provider of specialized eye care, we are proud to be an eye hospital in Coimbatore, offering comprehensive eye exams, advanced diagnostics, and the latest treatments for keratoconus, all conveniently located for residents of Coimbatore and surrounding areas. Don’t wait until it’s too late – make an appointment today and let us assist you in preserving your vision.
