Eyes are sensitive organs, and it is vital to take care of our eyes as we grow older. Another condition that may cause vision changes overtime is macular edema. It can cause blurred vision and, if not treated, can cause complete vision loss in the affected eye. The fact is that macular edema can result from various factors, but nutrition is one of the most often neglected. In particular, omega-3 PUFAs which are shown to have numerous health benefits may be particularly useful in combating macular edema. We will discuss the relationship between omega-3s and eye health, with an emphasis on the ways in which these vital nutrients may be used to prevent this disease.
What is Macular Edema?
Macular edema is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the macula, the tiny area in the retina that enables clear vision. They include reading, facial recognition, and driving which all require the macula. When it becomes inflamed, vision becomes blurry and even simple chores become challenging.
There are various causes of macular edema, of which include; diabetic retinopathy, AMD and eye injuries. In some circumstances, the leakage of a fluid from the blood vessels in the retina leads to the swelling of the macula. It is a progressive disease, so if left untreated it can cause permanent vision loss.
Prevention is always better than cure but early detection and treatment are equally important. That is where omega-3 fatty acids come in handy.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Quick Overview
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that the human body cannot synthesize, and therefore has to be consumed. There are three main types of omega-3s:
- ALA (Alpha-linolenic acid): It is mainly located in plant foods such as flaxseeds and walnuts.
- EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid): Present in foods like fatty fish, salmon, mackerel and sardines.
- DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid): Mainly extracted from fish oil, DHA is most essential for brain and eye development.
These fats are essential for the body’s health, for cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and to help reduce inflammation. Although omega-3s are popular for their ability to prevent heart disease, new studies reveal that they are also important for eye health.
How Omega-3 Fatty Acids Benefit Eye Health
Omega-3 fatty acids have some characteristics that make them useful in the care of the eyes, especially in combating diseases such as macular edema. Here's how they help:
1. Reducing Inflammation
Macular edema is a common eye disease and chronic inflammation is a major cause of many eye diseases. EPA and DHA are known to have strong anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids. They can also prevent the inflammation in the retina area which causes the formation of fluid that leads to macular edema.
2. Supporting Retinal Health
DHA, one of the omega-3 fatty acids, is a major component of the retina. It assists in the structural support of the retinal cells and also plays a role in the functioning of the cells. Through this way, omega-3s are able to avoid the swelling and fluid leakage that is commonly linked to macular edema.
3. Strengthening the Blood-Retinal Barrier
Blood-retinal barrier is a part of the immune system that protects the retina from toxic substances. Omega-3 fatty acids also help to bolster this barrier and decrease the chance of fluid leakage which leads to macular edema. This is much more relevant for those people who are at risk because of such diseases as diabetes or hypertension.
4. Improving Blood Flow to the Retina
Blood circulation is very essential for the eyes. Omega-3s are beneficial in maintaining proper blood circulation in the body and this is important in the transportation of nutrients and removal of waste products in the retina. Elevation of blood flow can minimize the chances of the occurrence of retinal edema and fluid accumulation.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main reasons macular edema is likely to occur in an individual. Diabetic patients are also vulnerable to Diabetic Macular Edema, a situation where fluid seepage from the blood vessels of the retina. Omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent this condition.
Researchers have found out that omega-3s assist in the reduction of inflammation, and the control of blood sugar levels- both of which are crucial in managing diabetes and its complications. Consuming foods containing omega-3 may help reduce risk of DME and preserve sight in people with diabetes.
In addition, studies show that omega-3s can prevent leakage of capillaries and vascular damage in the retina which cause macular edema in diabetic patients. Omega-3s are not a cure for DME, however they can be a useful tool in a general treatment plan to avoid worsening of the vision.
Practical Tips for Incorporating Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Your Diet
Incorporating enough omega-3 fatty acids into your diet doesn’t have to be such a chore. Here are some practical tips to ensure you’re consuming the right amounts:
1. Eat Fatty Fish Twice a Week
Fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA include fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel and sardines. This should be taken at least two times a week to help in the proper functioning of your eyes.
2. Add Plant-Based Sources of Omega-3s
If you are a vegetarian or vegan, plant-based omega-3s are perfect for you as a source of this essential fatty acid. Flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts are sources of ALA, which can be converted into EPA and DHA, but not efficiently. It is suggested to include them in smoothies, salads or in baked products.
3. Consider Omega-3 Supplements
If you are having a hard time getting enough omega-3s through the foods you eat, supplements can assist. Choose fish oil or algae derived supplements that have a good proportion of EPA and DHA. It is important always to seek medical advice before using any new supplements especially if you have other health complications.
4. Use Omega-3-Rich Cooking Oils
Another simple method is to use omega-3 rich oils such as flax seed oil or walnut oil in your cooking. These oils can be used for dressing and marinades or even be poured over salads.
Macular edema is one of the possible complications that can lead to vision loss, but you can reduce this risk if you include omega-3 fatty acids into your diet. Omega-3s have multiple applications for the eyes and include anti-inflammatory properties, protection of the retina, and fortification of the blood retina barrier. To reduce your risk of age-related vision loss, you don’t have to make drastic changes to your diet.
If you have any concern about your eyes or if you want to know more about the prevention of macular edema, you can approach The Eye Foundation. Let our team of professional ophthalmologists assist you in the best ways that you can prevent any eye problems.
Come, visit us today and give your vision a healthier start by booking Your Appointment now.
